ECG Electrocardiography
Table of Contents

Section 1 “How To”
Introduction & Helpful Hints 9
Applications of the Electrocardiogram 10
Circulation System 11
Conduction System 12
Five Physiologic Properties of Cardiac Muscle 13
Electrocardiogram-Definition 14
What is Lead, Anyway? 15
Generation of the Electrocardiogram 16
Electrocardiographic Recording Technique 17
ECG Paper & Standardization 19
Calculating the Heart Rate 20
Measuring the P-QRS-T 22
Canine ECG Normal Values 24
Feline ECG Normal Values 25
Quick & Dirty Guide to ECG Enlargements & Bundle Branch Blocks 26
Classification of Arrhymias 27
Building Blocks for Arrhythmia Interpretation 28
Interpreting Arrhythmias-the Easy Way 30

Section 2 Electrocardiographic Examples
Normal Sinus Impulse Formation
Normal Sinus Rhythm 34
Sinus Arrhythmia 36
Disturbances of Sinus Impulse Formation
Sinus Bradycardia 38
Sinus Tachycardia 40
Disturbances of Supraventricular Impulse Formation
Atrial Premature Complexes 44
Atrial Tachycardia 46
Atrial Fibrillation 48
Atrioventricular (AV) Junctional Premature
Complexes & Tachycardia 50
Disturbances of Ventricular Impulse Formation
Ventricular Premature Complexes 54
Ventricular Tachycardia 56
Ventricular Asystole 58
Ventricular Fibrillation 60
Disturbance of Impulse Conduction
Sinus Arrest or Block 64
Sick Sinus Syndrome 66
Atrial Standstill 68
Ventricular Pre-Excitation &
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome 70
Secret to Atrioventricular Blocks 73
First-Degree Atrioventricular Block 74
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block 76
Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block 80
Left Bundle Branch Block 82
Right Bundle Branch Block 84
Escape Rhythms
Junctional & Ventricular Escape Rhythms 88
Miscellaneous Disturbances
Pericardial Effusion (low voltage
QRS Complexes & electrical alternans 92
ST Segments & T Wave Changes 94
Artifacts 96
Appendix
Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs 100
Recommended Textbook Readings 104

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